封面故事｜对胶质母细胞瘤分子表型的全面理解：分类、特征和转变

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Cover story

封面故事

胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）由于NF-κB和各种环境因素的共同影响而发生间充质转化（MT）。其中包括直接和间接调节因子、NF-κB上游和下游调节因子以及一些独立的调节因子。缺氧的微环境就像天空中的乌云，细胞间外泌体就像雨水，非编码RNA就像细胞内的风暴，放射治疗就像闪电。此外，巨噬细胞和异常血管化起着支持作用。这些分子和环境条件共同使GBM细胞能够进行MT并转化为MES-GBM。

Comprehensive understanding of glioblastoma molecular phenotypes: classification, characteristics, and transition

Cancer Biology & Medicine May 2024, 21 (5) 363-381; DOI: https://doi.org/10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0510

Abstract

Among central nervous system-associated malignancies, glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and has the highest mortality rate. The high heterogeneity of GBM cell types and the complex tumor microenvironment frequently lead to tumor recurrence and sudden relapse in patients treated with temozolomide. In precision medicine, research on GBM treatment is increasingly focusing on molecular subtyping to precisely characterize the cellular and molecular heterogeneity, as well as the refractory nature of GBM toward therapy. Deep understanding of the different molecular expression patterns of GBM subtypes is critical. Researchers have recently proposed tetra fractional or tripartite methods for detecting GBM molecular subtypes. The various molecular subtypes of GBM show significant differences in gene expression patterns and biological behaviors. These subtypes also exhibit high plasticity in their regulatory pathways, oncogene expression, tumor microenvironment alterations, and differential responses to standard therapy. Herein, we summarize the current molecular typing scheme of GBM and the major molecular/genetic characteristics of each subtype. Furthermore, we review the mesenchymal transition mechanisms of GBM under various regulators.

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